Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process associated with disorders in the endocrine system, which develops as the consequences of relative or absolute causes of insulin hormone deficiency. The result is a sharp increase in blood flow concentration (hyperglycemia factor).
A characteristic feature of the disease is a violation of metabolism at all systemic levels and a chronic course. In order to deeper the complexity of diabetes, the risk of numerous disorders associated with the disease, it is necessary to fully discover the concepts of energy entity and metabolic processes.
For the harmonious functioning of all body systems, energy is essential. The body cannot generate independently, so it consumes it from external resources.
One of the unique and important carriers of unique energy is the base of the food. Carbohydrate complexes, as food ingredients, are supplied to human organisms within 50-75% of energy as a whole.
Carbohydrates are the most numerous organic substances on the soil surface, they are kept at the cellular level in all living substances. They transfer energy to organs, giving life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body itself does not synthesize carbohydrates, but takes them with food. The largest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharides) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, second cellulose, starch, glycogen. The assimilation of all kinds occurs at different rates of speed. Monosaccharides, as an energy base, enter the bloodstream at a rapid pace, producing a sharp increase in sugar level. The polysaccharide assimilation process is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the secretion of toxic substances and slag complexes.
Glucose is a predominant power supplier, not free in publication in food. Its formation occurs with the breakdown of third -party carbohydrates during food processing, after which it is transported to the blood. The sugar level increases without change at the same time. Then, under the control and action of insulin, glucose passes into a cage. After moving inside, glucose performs a metabolic process.
Adjusting the sugar process
The main function in regulating metabolic carbohydrate processes belongs to the pancreatic hormone - insulin. Pancreatic (pancreatic) is an organ that is responsible for the functionality and development of internal and external secretion. Internal secretion produces antagonistic hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretion contributes to the development of a substance that normalizes digestion. These hormones are produced by feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and glucagon increases.
With an increased level of glucose, insulin is thrown into the bloodstream and provokes the penetration of glucose into the cell. Food contributes to the increase in insulin, so sugar does not rise, its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which, as needed, is transformed into glucose. With a lack of glucose, glucagon preserves glycogen, successfully transferring it to the consistency of glucose, rather than giving energy to the body.
The normal level of glucose ranges from 75 to 115 mg/dl in the morning, before eating. Then, after eating, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Types of diabetes
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells to develop the right amount of insulin (production may be missing at all). The causes of such failures are the complete death of glandular cells and adverse factors - viruses, stresses, a poor immune system, incorrect eating, inflammation of any form directly on the pancreas and excess fat.
Type 1 diabetes requires mandatory insulin injections according to strict graphs.
The second type of disease, dependent on insulin, is more common, characterized by the development of a sufficient insulin rate, but the body does not perceive it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The causes are different: from overweight to diseases of the internal organs, thyroid gland and the pituitary gland. An important point is the use of different spectrum medicines.
Signs
With both types of disease, sugar cannot be absorbed at the cellular level, and is rooted in blood cells, which forces them to urine them with energy. Signs of diabetes of both types are the same - this is multiple urination, in large quantities, the desire to drink plenty of fluids, reduce body weight with good nutrition, increased fatigue, low skin regeneration, appearance of wounds and purulent formations.
The differences in the signs are only as follows: the first type develops in the shortest possible time and is quite bright. In patients with the second type of disease, it continues latent, without signs and can make itself feel casual. In the examined urine of such people, there is sugar whose presence is abnormal. In patients' urine, the first type is sugar and acetone.
Treatment
The first type is treated with continuous insulin injections by schedule, and if type 2 diabetes is developed,Is prescribed hypoglycemic treatment with medicines that reduce sugar concentration. The moment of an integrated approach and proper therapy is important here.
Oral medicine
It is important to know and understand that the disease is secret and dangerous complications. In all directions, they crawl quietly and in the future can lead to disability, and often death.
Potential problems
Diet
Therapeutic food is scientifically called "Diet Nine Nine", which is strictly prescribed by physician order, by the type of disease. It is important to focus on the directed principle, for example, the exclusion of fried, spicy, salty and spicy food. Down with canned gaps and alcohol, remove sweets as well. Strict control and restriction of fat, food fraction techniques. Diet in diabetes is the main ingredient of maintaining a relatively normal condition.
With type 1 diabetes
The dietary rules with this type are aimed at calculating the unit of bread or carbohydrates in the food. It is important not the food itself, but the quantitative parameters.
Account is held: Single food consumption with 7-8 units of bread, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, a dose of insulin and a quantity of bread per unit are always calculated before meals. The completely sweet fluid of any kind is excluded.
With type 2 diabetes
Here, most importantly, to stabilize carbohydrate processes. In treatment, exercise and a decrease in food consumption from calorie content is used. The calculation is done by an individual program.
Products allowed
Prohibited products
With alarm signals, it is immediately necessary to go to the doctors if the symptoms of diabetes are found and start preventive measures in time, and the course of treatment. Prevention is especially important for those who have a genetic tendency to type 2 diabetes, excess body weight or pancreatic pathology.
Today, the patient with this disease has important and real opportunities to avoid difficulties and stay at a high quality of life. Any person can avoid and stop the spread of the consequences of the disease. Anydo sick is easily accessible to all types aimed at treating diabetes. This is a wide range of plant and synthetic variants of drugs, insulin preparations, accessories for their body access, control type apparatus.
Today, and unique seminars that aim to teach patients with teaching. High -class experts, professionals in their field of accessible and informative present in the course of any desire and suffering for all issues related to the disease.